Here's what carbs actually do in your body:
—your body absorbs all that glucose at once.) When you eat starch, the process of breaking it down into glucose happens over a longer period of time, because of its complex structure, Linsenmeyer explains.
After you swallow those carbs, they get churned up with gastric juices in your stomach that contain various acids and enzymes. Then, the stomach passes this appetizing mixture on to the small intestine, where the real work of digestion happens, Tewksbury says. Here, more specialized enzymes and acids are introduced to break it down into even tinier bits.
Once it hits the bloodstream, some glucose will immediately get used by cells in need of energy—say, those in our brain or our muscles—thanks to the vital hormone called insulin. Insulin allows the glucose in our bloodstream to enter the body’s cells so it can be used for energy. When we eat carbs, the pancreas automatically secretes the perfect amount of insulin to help the cells use glucose and keep our blood sugar levels nice and steady.
A small amount of the glucose is converted into something called glycogen, our body’s special form of readily available “storage glucose” that get deposited in our liver and muscles as an emergency reservoir of energy to use when we need it, Linsenmeyer says—like when you go a long time between meals or go for a really long run, for instance. The rest of the excess glucose gets stored in our fat cells as body fat, again with the assistance of insulin.
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