Medical researchers have discovered a molecule linking the tiny creatures that call our guts home to levels of fat in our bodies.
One of carnitine's roles in our bodies is to transport long fat molecules into the mitochondria – our cells' powerplant – where it is broken down to be used for energy. So when mice with delta-valerobetaine were fed fattier, they were unable to make efficient use of it without enough carnitine. The mice gained weight and accumulated more fat in their livers; the mice on the normal, control diet maintained their weight levels.
While the researchers couldn't directly show this mechanism in humans, correlations between levels of delta-valerobetaine, carnitine, and body fat levels all matched up. In 214 humans, they found the average blood levels of delta-valerobetaine was 40 percent higher for people with a BMI greater than 30 compared to those with lower BMIs.
Emory University pathologist Andrew Neish explained that some types of bacteria likely produce more delta-valerobetaine than others. This would explain how factors influencing our microbiome composition, from diet to
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