Researchers sought to identify the genetic factors that may contribute to higher CRC risk with intake of red meat, processed meat, and alcohol and lower risk with frequent fruit consumption.
A nested case-control study was conducted using data from 4686 patients with CRC and 14,058 matched controls from the prospective UK Biobank cohort.
Researchers performed genome-wide analysis to test for interactions between 11 dietary factors and over four million genetic variants. Gene-based and gene-set enrichment analyses were conducted to identify genes and pathways overrepresented in the interaction between the diet factors and CRC risk.Dietary intake of red meat, processed meat, and alcohol was associated with an increased risk for CRC, while four or more servings of fruit per day was associated with a decreased risk.
A total of 324 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified that had "suggestive" interactions with various dietary factors related to CRC risk, but none reached the genome-wide significance level. Although no variant was found to interact with dietary intake at the genome-wide significance level, gene-based analysis detected that gene-fish consumption interaction effects tended to congregate within the"Our findings of biological and functional pathways involved in the link between dietary intake and CRC need to be confirmed in future experimental studies," the authors wrote.
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