🔄FROM THE ARCHIVE Our genes might play a role in influencing who falls prey to addiction.
Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science newsNowadays, you can sequence your genome in a weekend for about a thousand bucks. But would you believe that the first human genome sequenced took 13 years and cost $2.7 billion?
Living one week of the Ozzy lifestyle would easily kill most of us, so scientists couldn’t wait to get their latex-gloved hands on this Iron Man’s DNA sequence. What death-defying genes could Ozzy possibly have that would allow someone to survive cocaine for breakfast and four bottles of cognac a day for decades?
Ozzy, who claimed that “the only Gene I know anything about is the one in KISS,” was fascinated by the results. And although the variants found in his genome are tantalizing, the truth is, we don’t know enough about these genes yet to build a comprehensive picture that shows us why this man has an addictive personality — or why he is still reasonably healthy after abusing his body for more than 50 years.
In the liver, alcohol is broken down to acetaldehyde, which is toxic, and then to acetate, which is non-toxic. In those with AFR, alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde just fine, but then the acetaldehyde is not broken down efficiently and builds up in the body. This buildup causes blood vessels to dilate, which produces the redness and heat we call flushing. Excessive acetaldehyde can also cause headaches and nausea.
After prolonged drinking, people need to consume alcohol just to feel normal. To compensate for alcohol’s sedative effects, our brain chemistry adapts to make more neurotransmitters that activate neurons to excite them again. If alcohol intake suddenly stops, the brain is no longer being sedated, but those excitatory neurotransmitters are still cranked up to 11. This is why people undergoing withdrawal experience the shakes, anxiety and restlessness.
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