New research finds fruit flies make decisions based on their expectations about the likelihood of a reward and pinpoints the site in the fly brain where these value adjustments are made, enabling researchers to directly test a theory about how the brain enables this behavior on the level of neural circuits.
Like many collectors of L.P. records, James Fitzgerald's brother-in-law has a favorite store where he consistently finds the best vinyl for his collection. But there are times when he spends hours at the store and comes up empty. He also knows that occasionally he should venture to the record store on the other side of town, where he sometimes scores a hard-to-find gem that was stocked since his last visit.
But, while matching has been observed in everything from pigeons to mice to humans, it was unclear how the brain carried out this value-based decision-making. Researchers had previously proposed a theory for how that might happen, but the idea hadn't been tested in the real world. Uncovering how the fly brain carries out this ubiquitous behavior could help scientists better understand how similar decision-making happens in the brains of larger animals, including humans. Decision-making goes awry in diseases like addiction, so understanding how this process works in simpler brains has broad value, according to the researchers.
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