Floating “Artificial Leaves” Generate Clean Fuels From Sunlight and Water

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Floating “Artificial Leaves” Generate Clean Fuels From Sunlight and Water
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Scientists have developed floating ‘artificial leaves’ that generate clean fuels from sunlight and water. They could eventually operate on a large scale at sea. The ultra-thin, flexible devices, which take their inspiration from photosynthesis – the process by which plants convert sunlight into f

A floating artificial leaf – which generates clean fuel from sunlight and water – on the River Cam near King’s College Chapel in Cambridge, UK. Credit: Virgil Andrei

Researchers from the University of Cambridge designed ultra-thin, flexible devices, which take their inspiration from photosynthesis – the process by which plants convert sunlight into food. Since the low-cost, autonomous devices are light enough to float, they could be used to generate a sustainable alternative to gasoline without taking up space on land. Credit: Virgil Andrei

For several years, Professor Erwin Reisner’s research group in Cambridge has been working to address this problem by developing sustainable solutions to gasoline that are based on the principles of photosynthesis. In 2019, they developed an, which makes syngas from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Syngas is a key intermediate in the production of many chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

“We wanted to see how far we can trim down the materials these devices use, while not affecting their performance,” said Reisner, who led the research. “If we can trim the materials down far enough that they’re light enough to float, then it opens up whole new ways that these artificial leaves could be used.”

The challenge for the Cambridge research team was how to deposit light absorbers onto lightweight substrates and protect them against water infiltration. To overcome these challenges, the researchers used thin-film metal oxides, and materials known as perovskites, which can be coated onto flexible plastic and metal foils. The devices were covered with micrometer-thin, water-repellent carbon-based layers that prevented moisture degradation.

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