Exploring the centromere and its role in the formation of new species nature
, shed light on the molecular mechanisms of rapid centromere evolution and their potential role in the formation of newThere is a special region in each chromosome, often found at its center: its centromere. During cell division, it ensures that new cells—from sperm and eggs to skin and neurons—end up with the correct number of each chromosome.
To find out, the team analyzed a large number of individuals from Arabidopsis thaliana, a common roadside weed and a favorite model organism of plant scientists, as well as material from the sister species Arabidopsis lyrata. The team was surprised that centromeres from very closely related individuals could have substantial structural differences.
The invasion is countered by the clean-up machinery that continuously polices the genome for foreign elements: to ensure continued centromere function, the cell frequently overwrites parts of it, thereby often eliminating the new ATHILA elements. This is how small building blocks of DNA may be eliminated or copied over and over again, causing the centromeres to grow or shrink and diversify from one another.
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