Every year forest and land fire disasters always occur in Indonesia. However, there are certain years when such disasters occur that are especially worrying. What is the pattern of this forest and land fire disaster like?
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The original article can be found in Flames still visible in the area of the forest and land on Mount Arjuno in Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java, on Tuesday . The cause of the fire was due to hunters who burned the land.. The seven provinces that still have forest and land fire disaster alert status based on data from the National Disaster Management Agency on October 13 2023 are Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and East Nusa Tenggara. The determination of disaster alert status is inseparable from the potential for widespread forest fires as a result of the long dry season which causes rainfall intensity to decrease and causes fires or hotspots. Looking at the distribution, South Sumatra is the province with the most districts/cities that have declared forest and land fire disaster alert status, namely 11 regions, followed by Central Kalimantan with 5 districts/cities. From several provinces and cities that are on alert for forest and land fires disasters, there are some areas that have upgraded their status to emergency response. For example, South Kalimantan has elevated its forest and land fire emergency status since May 2023. Meanwhile, at the district/city level, there are Ogan Komering Ilir Regency , Mesuji Regency , Serang Regency , Wonosobo Regency , Batu City , North Lombok Regency , Kotawaringin Timur Regency , Katingan Regency , Pulang Pisau Regency , Kapuas Regency , Banjar Regency , Barru Regency , Sinjai Regency , and Enrekang Regency . These areas are currently in a state of emergency regarding forest and land fires.Personnel from the Disaster Preparedness Unit of South Kalimantan are working to extinguish a peatland fire in the Syamsudin Noor village of Banjarbaru city on Saturday . The extinguishing effort has been prioritized to prevent haze from affecting flights at the Syamsudin Noor International Airport. The determination of emergency alert and response status is inseparable from the increasingly worrying nature of the forest and land fires disaster. Referring to data from Sipongi, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's monitoring system for forest and land fires, indications are that the area of forest and land fires in Indonesia this year has increased from 2022. Throughout January-August 2023, forest and land fires have already burned 267,935.59 hectares of land and forests. This number has exceeded that of 2022, which reached 204,894.00 hectares. This year, the most land and forest fires occurred in West Kalimantan, NTT, NTB, South Kalimantan, South Papua, East Java and Central Kalimantan. In West Kalimantan, the indicated area of reached 54,402.81 hectares. However, the majority of fires occurred in non-forest areas, namely dry land agricultural areas, plantations and bushes. West Kalimantan is not only an area with the largest wildfire coverage, but it also recorded the highest increase in the affected area of forest and land fires compared to 2022. Last year, the land affected by forest and land fires in West Kalimantan reached 21,836 hectares. This condition reflects an increase of more than two-fold in the forest and land fire disaster in West Kalimantan.Aerial photos show fire burning on land at the entrance of the Rambutan Toll Gate on the Palembang-Indralaya section of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road in Sungai Rambutan Village, North Indralaya, Ogan Ilir , South Sumatra on Thursday . Other regions that also experienced an increase in forest and land fires from the aspect of area burned are Kalimantan, particularly South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and East Kalimantan. In total, from January to August 2023, there were 100,945.57 hectares of land and forest burned in five provinces in Kalimantan. This amount has increased four times compared to a similar disaster that occurred throughout 2022. In addition to the island of Kalimantan, forest and land fires in Java and Sulawesi also show an increasing trend this year compared to 2022. In Java, the incidence of forest and land fires has increased in East Java, Central Java, and West Java. The phenomenon of increasing forest and land fires in Java Island is partly caused by fires on several mountains, such as Mount Arjuno and Mount Bromo in East Java, as well as Mount Lawu, Mount Sumbing, and Mount Andong in Central Java. Meanwhile, the increase in karhutla areas occurred in Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, and Gorontalo in Sulawesi.Manggala Agni personnel are currently attempting to extinguish a peatland fire in Deling Village, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra . Fires have repeatedly occurred in Pangkalan Lampang, suspected to be caused by human activity.Another phenomenon is seen in Sumatra. Generally, the area of burnt land and forests in Sumatra this year has decreased compared to 2022. From January to August 2023, there were 13,544 hectares of burnt land on the island of Sumatra. That number is lower than in 2022, which reached 32,591 hectares. Despite this, several regions such as South Sumatra, Bangka Belitung, and Riau Islands actually experienced an increase. In South Sumatra, forest fires have already burned 4,082.82 hectares of land in the past eight months. This is an increase from 2022, which reached 3,723 hectares. Looking at the emergency alert status that has been implemented, South Sumatra is the region with the most preparedness to handle forest and land fires. These regions are Ogan Komering Ulu District, Muara Enim, Ogan Komering Ilir, OKU Selatan, Banyuasin, Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir, Musi Rawas, Lahat, Ogan Ilir, OKU Timur, and Musi Rawas Utara.The emergency alert on forest and land fires phenomenon in 2023 reminds us of a similar event in 2019. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry , there were indications of forest and land fires covering an area of 1.64 million hectares in 2019. The regions with increased distribution compared to 2018 were Kalimantan and Java. Looking at the distribution location, the areas that experienced this fire disaster tend to be the same as those that occurred in 2023. In consecutive order, the regions that experience the most forest and land fires are South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, Papua, and Riau.Officials are trying to extinguish a fire during a forest and land fire in the Gunung Lawu area, Ngawi Regency, East Java, on Saturday . A major disaster also occurred in 2015. According to data from Sipongi KLHK, at that time, 2,611,411.44 hectares of forest and land were affected by fires. The two provinces that experienced the most extensive forest fires were South Sumatra and Central Kalimantan. In South Sumatra, there were indications of vast forest and land fires reaching 646,298.80 hectares, while in Central Kalimantan it reached 583,833.44 hectares. After South Sumatra and Central Kalimantan, other provinces that experienced many forest and land fires were Papua, South Kalimantan, Riau, Jambi, East Nusa Tenggara, West Kalimantan, and Lampung. The government has made several improvements in handling the forest and land fire disaster that continues to occur every year. Specifically, since 2015, cross-agency coordination in handling forest and land fires has been emphasized through Presidential Instruction Number 11 of 2015 regarding the Improvement of Forest and Land Fire Control.The issuance of this regulation has made the handling of forest and land fires in Indonesia more coordinated and continues to show positive trends. The number of burned areas due to karhutla continues to decrease from year to year. However, several regions still have a great potential for karhutla disasters. According to the Indonesian Disaster Data of 2022, areas with potential forest and land fire disasters include Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bangka Belitung, Riau Islands, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi.On the other hand, the emergence of the El Nino phenomenon poses a threat to the handling of forest and land fires disaster. El Nino, which is marked by increasing water temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific, causes an increase in atmospheric temperature and humidity above it. El Nino can also cause severe drought in some regions, including Indonesia, and have an impact on land fires. Prediction of the arrival of El Nino has been given by the BMKG since the beginning of 2023. The potential risk of disasters that may occur are droughts, as well as forest and land fires. The disasters caused by this prolonged dry season tend to be similar to those that occurred in 2015 and 2019, which were the impacts of the El Nino phenomenon. If the causes of the occurrence of large-scale forest and land fires have been identified and the distribution of potential affected areas has been mapped out , the steps to handle forest and land fires should be more anticipated.This handling can be achieved by providing more support for adequate equipment facilities, resource allocation for human resources, and budgetary support for handling karhutla disasters in provinces with high potential for land fires. This handling step can also be combined with a prevention strategy through disaster mitigation. The phases of forest and land fires that intersect with the arrival of the El Nino phenomenon can be examined to prevent the widespread impact of forest and land fires that are currently potential to occur in this four-year cycle.
Indonesia Berita Terbaru, Indonesia Berita utama
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