Even a Cyclical Universe Needed to Come From Somewhere - by BrianKoberlein
. Although effects within the universe have causes, the universe as a whole may not have or need one. But that answer doesn’t feel very satisfying.There is, however, an alternative. It’s known as the cyclic universe model, and it argues that our current observable universe is part of a series of universes. Our universe is currently expanding because of the Hubble parameter, and if that parameter stays constant it will expand forever.
There is a way to get around this problem. The universe could have an overall scale factor. If that scale factor increases with each universe, then the entropy problem goes away. What’s interesting is that this scale factor is conformally invariant. This means it doesn’t change how the universe appears. Each universe might be twice as big as the previous one, but everything within that universe scales by the same factor.
This conformally invariant scale factor allowed the cyclic universe to exist without a beginning. Each universe has a cause, and it’s turtles all the way down. But a new study has found a flaw in this idea. The team looked at the mathematical structure of cyclic universe models within general relativity and found that all of them are geodesically past-incomplete.
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