Impact structure shows some of the most extreme deformation conditions known on Earth.
As a result of the tremendous impact on Earth by a meteorite, explosion, or volcanic activity, craters spanning kilometers are formed in bowl-shaped depressions. Around 170 such craters have been identified over time, and these are continuously being erased due to large-scale erosions or tectonic transformations.
Buried or hidden craters can be detected using geophysical tools like seismic imaging or gravity mapping. And to confirm their existence, geologists then search for physical elements like ejecta and impact minerals to study them further. To find out, the researchers dug into the structure. Over the years, all that remains of the impact structure is a semicircle of low hills and rock formations.
“Erosion makes these structures disappear from the top down,” Huber added. “So we went from the bottom up.”
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