Vaping may be more harmful than some people think. But it is far better than smoking
FOR decades, doctors and governments have been trying to wean smokers from their habit. It is a tricky task. Nicotine is as addictive as heroin and cocaine. There are plenty of officially endorsed methods for quitting. People can try inhalators, gum, lozenges, patches, nasal sprays and prescription drugs. All can help, but few replicate all the physical and social rituals that surround cigarettes. That limits how appealing they are to committed smokers.
The chemistry is the best place to start. Cigarette smoke is genuinely nasty stuff. It contains about 70 carcinogens, as well as carbon monoxide , particulates, toxic heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic, oxidising chemicals and assorted other organic compounds. Some studies have found that e-cigarette vapour can contain high levels of unambiguously nasty chemicals such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein, all derived from other ingredients that have been exposed to high temperatures. The vapour also contains free radicals, highly oxidising substances which can damage tissue or DNA, and which are thought to come mostly from flavourings. According to work published this January flavourings such as cinnamon, vanilla and butter generate the most.
The last piece of the puzzle is the nicotine. Besides being addictive, it is known to have an adverse affect all around the body. But the current source of concern is its effects on children. For instance, work in animals suggests that exposure to nicotine could be bad for adolescent brains, making users more susceptible to other addictive substances later in life. This could be one reason why human smokers who start young have higher rates of addiction as adults.
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