Science, Space and Technology News 2024
A large-scale study of fossil human teeth from Ice Age Europe shows that climate change significantly influenced the demography of prehistoric humans.
Three human skulls from the Hohlenstein-Stadel cave in Southern Germany, dated to about 8,500 years ago, likely belonging to a family: a man , a woman , and a child . Credit: © Osteological Collection, University of Tübingen The researchers focused on “morphological” tooth traits – small variations within the dentition, such as the number and shape of crown cusps, ridge and groove patterns on the chewing surface, or the presence or absence of wisdom teeth.
During this period, Europe was largely characterized by open steppe landscapes that could support large herds of mammals – the main source of food for hunter-gatherers. These conditions likely favored the interlinking of populations.In the subsequent period, the “Late Pleniglacial” between 28,000 and 14,700 years ago, the researchers found no genetic connections between Western and Eastern Europe.
“Our new method – which is based on a machine learning algorithm we call Pheno-ABC – has enabled us for the first time to reconstruct complex prehistoric demographic events using morphological data. As far as we know, this has never been achieved before,” says the co-first author Dr. Maria Teresa Vizzari from the University of Ferrara, who played a key role in developing the algorithm.
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