While sports often are front and center, Title IX has brought so much more to women, paving their way into the country’s most prestigious law schools, engineering programs and other academic fields that were long dominated by men.
Athletes can be paid for commercials, sell autographs or earn money for being social media stars, and some big-time football programs are talking about breaking away from the NCAA. This series also will look at how Title IX will be tested as athletic directors, coaches and athletes figure out how to comply with the law in a new paradigm.
By the time Title IX became law, however, Colorado already was pushing for official high school girls sports.A women’s basketball team known as the Breckenridge Basket Ball Association sit together for a photo taken circa 1892, one year after James Naismith wrote the original 13 rules of basketball. Newspaper archives show women started playing the sport in the Colorado mining town in 1892.
Before CHSAA sanctioned girls sports, there was the Girls Athletics Association — a school-based organization formed around the turn of the 20th century that provided physical activity for girls and women. The GAA coaches, often physical education instructors, organized play days for their girls to compete. Wilch, for example, would call a colleague and they’d reserve a few hours of gym time for their girls.
“There were stigmas connected to team sports,” Wilch, now 85, said. “A lot of it had to do with a little bit of fear of what the athletic directors would have to deal with. They had not worked with teams of girls.”In 1970, CHSAA approved gymnastics as the first sanctioned high school girls sport. Track and field and tennis soon followed.
Still, more men play college sports than women, according to the Women’s Sports Foundation. In the 2020-2021 academic year, women represented 44% of all college athletes with 215,486 on a college team. Before Title IX, 29,977 women played college sports, representing just 15% of all college athletes, the foundation’s data shows.When it came to convincing school boards, principals, athletic directors and coaches into accepting girls sports, progress was hit or miss. Some communities jumped on it.
“But we also controlled their budgets so that we knew exactly how much we were giving them for boys and how much for girls,” Barron said. “They couldn’t flip-flop it and not give the girls that money.”Alice "Cookie" Barron and Kaye Garms pose for a portrait at their home in Lakewood on Thursday, May 26, 2022.Alice "Cookie" Barron and Kaye Garms look at their trophies – earned playing basketball – on display at their home in Lakewood on Thursday, May 26, 2022.
Schafer, who later became a Colorado state representative, was an advocate because she grew up playing tennis in Nebraska, where her high school did not have any girls sports. When she asked the principal to let her play on the boys team, he refused. When Fischer graduated in 1977, she accepted a job as a PE teacher in Walsh, in the southeastern corner of Colorado. She also coached multiple sports, including girls junior and senior high school basketball.
Shortly after Title IX became law, Terri Ward‘s father joined other parents at St. Vrain Valley School District board meetings to push for girls sports. The girls who wanted to play attended, too. Sometimes, the meetings got heated with parents threatening to vote out school board members, Ward said.
By her junior year, Ward’s school bought green-and-white, collared polyester jerseys and shorts for the girls. She wore Kelly green Converse Chuck Taylor All Stars. “The constant for me was my high school coach who took me in,” Woods said. “I remember thinking if I could have that type of impact on kids, not just as a player but as a person, I wanted to be able to do that.”
“If I couldn’t have played basketball in college, I wasn’t going,” she said. “I don’t know what I would be doing.”CHSAA commissioner Rhonda Blanford-Green works during the 2022 Colorado State Track and Field Championships at Jeffco Stadium on May 19, 2022, in Lakewood.Rhonda Blanford-Green was one of Colorado’s homegrown champions, excelling in track and field at Aurora Central High School.
If all goes as planned, Gomez will become the first person in her immediate family to go to college. She hopes a wrestling scholarship opens that door.“There were people who would say something like, ‘What are you doing? You should do a more girl-like sport.’ It did hurt my feelings a little bit,” she said. “But once I got older I realized I was in a sport that opened so many opportunities and there’s more opportunities to come.
“Speaking of Title IX…” a player joked as her teammates laughed. The player was referring to the size of their locker room, which is half that of their male counterparts.
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