Cut from a sheer cliff face nearly a thousand years ago, India's Ajanta Caves are home to sacred Buddhist spaces adorned with vibrant works of ancient art
The lavishness of the Ajanta complex reflects its royal patronage. Although some of the cave temples date to the second and first centuries B.C., most of them were carved during the reign of a Vakataka emperor named Harishena, who ruled a large swath of central India in the mid-fifth century A.D. At one time, several hundred monks were living in the caves.
For the most part, the architectural mood is solemn, reverential—but the walls are adorned with something almost otherworldly. The most elaborate of the caves were designed for enlightenment, and many of their walls were covered with inspirational paintings. Statues of bodhisattvas greet visitors to the caves, just as they must have welcomed the pilgrims, monks, and merchants who passed through Ajanta during its heyday. On the walls are intricately composed murals that tell stories, called Jatakas, from the many past lives of the Buddha. Other works depict incidents from the life of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince who lived a thousand years earlier.
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