Separate figures show net migration to the UK fell 88% last year due to Covid restrictions.
Dr Peter William Walsh, of Oxford University's Migration Observatory, said: "The situation in the channel yesterday is an unspeakable tragedy.
The Home Office said this year's increase was partly linked to the easing of global travel restrictions introduced during the pandemic, but also to "an increase in small boat arrivals to the UK ". Applications from Eritrean nationals rose by 97%, while claims from Syrians increased by 74% and by 39% for Afghans and Albanians.
Net migration - the difference between people coming to live in the UK and emigrating to other countries - was 34,000 in 2020, compared with 271,000 the previous year. Net migration in 2020 from the EU was negative, with 94,000 more EU nationals thought to have left the UK than to have arrived, the ONS statistics suggest.
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