If archaeology has shown us anything, it's the sobering impermanence of our lives.
Now the first excavations have been performed in the cave, finally giving scientists a better idea of what ancientOver the course of 50,000 years, from the time Neanderthals started using the cave 65,000 years ago, Neanderthals and modern humans used Cueva de Ardales for the purposes of making art and burying their dead, and very little else.
"It also confirms that the cave was a place of special activities linked to art, as numerous fragments of ochre were discovered in the Middle Paleolithic levels."The excavations took place between 2011 and 2018, focusing on the cave's entrance. This is likely to be the most highly-trafficked region of the cave, and contains the largest concentration of non-figurative, abstract paintings.
These layers revealed the patchy occupation history of the cave, starting from the bottommost, earliest layer. This was dated to over 58,000 years ago using radiocarbon dating, consistent with previously obtained dates for the oldest paintings in the cave, abstract works consisting of dots, fingertip daubs and hands. This was the Neanderthal occupation of the cave, ceasing around 43,000 years ago.
They also found human remains, suggesting that the cave was used by modern humans to inter the dead during the early Neolithic.
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