Two decades ago, nearly 10 million children did not live to see a fifth birthday. By 2017, that number — about 1 in every 16 children — was nearly cut in half, even as the world’s population increased by more than 1 billion people
By 2017, that number — about 1 in every 16 children — was nearly cut in half, even as the world’s population increased by more than 1 billion people.
The report was released Tuesday by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, along with a research team at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, led by Stephen Lim, the institute’s senior director of science and engineering. Mothers who lose fewer young children tend to have fewer children, reducing their own risk of death in childbirth and increasing their ability to improve the economic prospects of their households, said Ashish Jha, a physician with the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and director of the Harvard Global Health Institute. “It has huge implications for the family,” he said.
But for a big-picture sense of how things have changed over time and place, estimates like these are “probably the best you can do,” he said.More than a quarter of the global drop in child mortality reflects progress in India, the world’s second-most populous country. There, 1.2 million fewer children died in 2017 than in 2000.
The divergent experiences of Nigeria reflect trends that experts say permeate the map of child mortality. Northern Nigeria has endured prolonged violence and political instability, displacing many residents. “If they’re being forced from their homes and communities because of violence, it’s more difficult for them to access essential services they need like health care if they get sick,” said Christopher Tidey, a spokesman at UNICEF.
Li Liu, a population health researcher at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, said the country’s experience was an opportunity for scholars to understand how natural disasters can influence public health. “Global health has limited experience in understanding child mortality in that setting,” she said.Continued progress in early childhood mortality may depend not just on health systems but also on the politics and environmental stability of countries that are still struggling.
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