The hidden wonders of long-vanished cities that once housed kings and hummed with everyday life are being rediscovered thanks to modern-day archaeology
Uruk, Ur, Meggido, Babylon, and Nineveh rose among the planet’s first major urban centers, thriving with palaces, temples, markets, and taverns serving fig wine. Although little remains of these once grand civilizations, modern archaeology is uncovering pieces of their crumbled pasts, piecing together fascinating stories about their residents—both rich and poor—who once lived there. Spoiler alert: These tales include dental plaque, sleeping potion, and Armageddon.
In the 19th century, English scholar Leonard Woolley discovered hundreds of buried tombs near a ziggurat filled with spectacular artifacts, including a gold dagger with a lapis lazuli handle, gaming boards, and a hammered gold helmet. He also uncovered the resting places of royalty, including an early queen, Puabi. Buried with her were many more people, arranged neatly with their musical instruments, carriages, and weapons.
, Egypt, and Asia Minor. Archaeologists have discovered the remains of lavish palaces, massive fortifications, and sacred buildings intermingling with private dwellings.Image courtesy of Christopher Wood Gallery, London, UK / Bridgeman ImagesBeneath one palace, they found a hoard of gold and lapis jewelry, ivory plaques and furniture, and gold vessels. Another buried tomb yielded bodies, among them a man, woman, and child bedecked with gold and silver jewelry.
But Megiddo was also a warring city, the scene of innumerable battles over its long history. History’s first recorded battle, the Battle of Megiddo, in which Egyptians under Thutmose III conquered Canaan, unfolded here in the 15th century B.C. Perhaps it’s because of this history that the Book of Revelation names Megiddo as the setting for the future apocalyptic battle between good and evil—Armageddon .A reconstruction of Babylon, ca 550 B.C.
Of all the cities that bloomed along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in ancient Mesopotamia, none was grander than. Located south of present-day Baghdad, it flowered early in the second millennium B.C. before falling to Hittite invaders in 1595 B.C. By the late seventh century B.C., it was once again the dominant city-state of the region under the ruler Nebuchadrezzar II.
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