Research shows that disrupting the body's circadian rhythm raises cancer risk, and resetting it may bring that risk down
I usually get up by 7 A.M. and am in bed by 10 P.M. I tend to eat meals at the same times of day, too. This may sound a little dull, but it's essential for my productivity. It's also a schedule that rarely disrupts my body clock. And a steady clock, it turns out, just might help me and many other people avoid cancer and some other diseases, according to new research.
For some time now epidemiological studies of night-shift workers have linked disruptions in circadian rhythms to cancer and other diseases. Much of the evidence concerned breast cancer and to a lesser extent prostate cancer. Duration of shift work made a difference—nurses who worked night shifts for up to 30 years were at moderately increased risk for breast cancer compared with those who did shorter stints, and those who worked such shifts for more than 30 years had the highest risk.
The cancer connection comes about through several mechanisms. Circadian disruption affects metabolic pathways, the chemical reactions that produce energy in the body. It tampers with immune function. It also compromises the fidelity of DNA repair in cells. Adult human cells divide every 18 to 24 hours, and one function of the circadian clock is to tell cells to do that at night to avoid DNA damage from sunlight.
The growing understanding of circadian rhythms also could offer help through what's known as chronotherapy. Certain chemotherapy treatments, for example, are more effective when given in accordance with a patient's rhythms. Now researchers are exploring differences in the timing of radiation therapy. Drugs that bolster natural rhythms are also under investigation.
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