Higher visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat correlated with lower brain volumes in midlife in a large study, suggesting that reducing abdominal fat may be a strategy for maintaining brain health.
Multiple studies have suggested a connection between body fat accumulation and increased dementia risk. But few have examined the relationship between types of fat and brain volume.
The research team found that higher amounts of both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat predicted lower total gray and white matter volume, as well as lower volume in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes.."Overall, we found that both subcutaneous and visceral fat has similar levels of negative relationships with brain volumes."
They also note that while statistically significant relationships were observed between visceral fat levels and gray matter volume changes, their effect sizes were generally small. Other limitations include the cross-sectional nature of the study, which precludes conclusions about causality. The analysis also did not account for other lifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet, and genetic variables.
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