Scientists have long believed that Fibonacci spirals are an ancient and highly conserved feature in plants. But, a new study challenges this belief.
The Fibonacci sequence is a series in which each number is the sum of the two numbers preceding it. The Fibonacci series goes 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, and so on.
Fibonacci spirals are visuals created by drawing arcs starting from a center and drawing outward circles increasing in size. The radii of the circles follow the Fibonacci sequence, and these spirals are seen commonly in nature. The arrangement of sunflower seeds is one of the most common examples of Fibonacci spirals. If you examine the head of a sunflower, you'll notice a pattern of spirals formed by the seeds. Typically, there are two sets of spirals in opposite directions—one clockwise and one counterclockwise.Pine cones also exhibit Fibonacci spirals. When you see a pine cone up close, you'll notice that the scales wrap around the cone in a spiral formation.
Due to their prevalence, scientists believe that Fibonacci spirals were present in the earliest plants on Earth, that is, until now.The research team began their study in a Scottish sedimentary near Aberdeen called the Rhynie Chert. Here, they focused on a 407 million-year-old fossilized plant known asThe team analyzed the reproductive structure and leaf arrangements of the ancient plant.
They used 3D reconstruction techniques to visualize and measure the arrangement of the lateral organs, such as leaves or reproductive structures, along the stem or axis of a plant, known as phyllotaxis. The phyllotaxis determines the spatial positioning and distribution of these organs.showed distinct non-Fibonacci spirals. This observation contradicted our earlier assumptions about Fibonacci spirals being present in the most ancient plant species.
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