Researchers discovered the ancient masterpieces thanks to 3D photogrammetry—with some figures etched so finely they were invisible to the naked eye.
Deep in the dark recesses of a limestone cave in Alabama soar life-sized figures that span earthly and spiritual realms. Traced into the mud of the cave ceiling by torchlight more than a thousand years ago, the sprawling scene is so enormous and faint it cannot be discerned by the naked eye—yet the ancient etchings are being celebrated as one of the largest rock-art creations in all of North America, and the largest to ever be discovered in a cave.
Traced in the mud ceiling of the cave by intrepid artists and preserved for a millennium before being discovered, the massive etchings were created—and discovered—in an unforgiving setting. The researchers discovered the ancient masterpieces thanks to 3D photogrammetry, an emerging technology that creates three-dimensional models based on overlapping photographs. Mapmakers have used the technology for years, taking advantage of overlapping aerial photography to infer physical features of the Earth below andBut you don’t have to be in a plane to produce photogrammetry. With the right equipment, the right team, and a lot of patience, it can also be done deep underground.
A model generated from nearly 4,000 thousand photographs shows the entirety of the engraved ceiling of the 19th Unnamed Cave, with the location of identified mud glyphs in silhouette. “There are thousands and thousands of engravings, says researcher and photographer Stephen Alvarez. “I was trying to show Jan a new snake figure I had discovered, when he said, ‘What about the great big guy right there?’” Alvarez recalls.
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