It will be the most extreme test of Einstein's General Relativity ever. And we already have the data.
. But next year, something new and unprecedented is going to happen: we're going to image a black hole's event horizon for the first time. The data is already in hand; the rest is just a matter of time.
Black holes can inspiral and merge, causing them to emit detectable gravitational waves for a brief amount of time. This is only possible to detect with the new science of gravitational wave astronomy. The orientation of the accretion disk as either face-on or edge-on can vastly alter how the black hole appears to us.
The reason the technology has been a limiting factor is resolution. The size that a black hole appears to be is proportional to its mass, but inversely proportional to its distance from us. To see the largest black hole from our perspective — Sagittarius A*, the one at the center of the Milky Way — requires a telescope approximately the size of planet Earth.
This translates into a resolution as small as 15 microarcseconds , which is how small a fly would appear to us here on Earth if it were located 400,000 kilometers away: on the Moon. The Event Horizon Telescope works by taking this enormous array of radio telescopes and observing these black holes simultaneously, which enables us to reconstruct an ultra-high-resolution image of whatever we're looking at, so long as there's enough light collected to see it.
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